Vitamin and mineral malnutrition

Vitamin and mineral malnutrition

Vitamins and minerals are essential to the proper functioning and maintenance of the human body.^[105] There are 20 trace elements and minerals that are essential in small quantities to body function and overall human health.^[105]

Iron deficiency is the most common inadequate nutrient worldwide, affecting approximately 2 billion people.^[106] Globally, anemia affects 1.6 billion people, and represents a public health emergency in mothers and children under five.^[107] The World Health Organization estimates that there exists 469 million women of reproductive age and approximately 600 million preschool and school-age children worldwide who are anemic.^[108] Anemia, especially iron-deficient anemia, is a critical problem for cognitive developments in children, and its presence leads to maternal deaths and poor brain and motor development in children.^[2] The development of anemia affects mothers and children more because infants and children have higher iron requirements for growth.^[109] Health consequences for iron deficiency in young children include increased perinatal mortality, delayed mental and physical development, negative behavioral consequences, reduced auditory and visual function, and impaired physical performance.^[110] The harm caused by iron deficiency during child development cannot be reversed and result in reduced academic performance, poor physical work capacity, and decreased productivity in adulthood.^[3] Mothers are also very susceptible to iron-deficient anemia because women lose iron during menstruation, and rarely supplement it in their diet.^[3] Maternal iron deficiency anemia increases the chances of maternal mortality, contributing to at least 18% of maternal deaths in low and middle income countries.^[111]

--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "2Top-manitotasy-Mirror1" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to 2top-manitotasy-mirror1+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/2top-manitotasy-mirror1/CACHR9V10iwk_56Ou%2BWxwXVvWM357WBsM6a61cy-kQKq%2BKJbByQ%40mail.gmail.com.